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Sleep-deprived driving (commonly known as tired driving, drowsy driving, or fatigued driving) is the operation of a motor vehicle while being cognitively impaired by a lack of sleep. Sleep deprivation is a major cause of motor vehicle accidents, and it can impair the human brain as much as alcohol can. According to a 1998 survey, 23% of adults have fallen asleep while driving.〔Peters, Robert D. ("Effects of Partial and Total Sleep Deprivation on Driving Performance" ), US Department of Transportation, February 1999.〕 According to the United States Department of Transportation, male drivers admit to have fallen asleep while driving twice as much as female drivers.〔Sleepdex. www.sleepdex.org/drowsy-driving.htm: "Drowsy Driving".〕 In the United States, 250,000 drivers fall asleep at the wheel every day, according to the Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School and in a national poll by the National Sleep Foundation, 54% of adult drivers said they had driven while drowsy during the past year with 28% saying they had actually fallen asleep while driving. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, drowsy driving is a factor in more than 100,000 crashes, resulting in 1,550 deaths and 40,000 injuries annually in the USA.〔(Shift Work Disorder )〕 When a person does not get an adequate amount of sleep his or her ability to function is affected. As listed below their coordination is impaired, have longer reaction time, impairs judgment, and memory is impaired. ==The effects of sleep deprivation on driving performance== Sleep deprivation has been proven to affect driving ability in four areas:〔CNN. ("Sleep deprivation as bad as alcohol impairment, study suggests" ), CNN, September 20, 2000.〕 # It impairs coordination. # It causes longer reaction times. # It impairs judgment. # It impairs memory and ability to retain information. Sufficient sleep before driving improves memory. Researchers recorded activity in the hippocampus during learning, and recorded from the same locations during sleep. The results were patterns that occurred during sleep resembled those that occurred during learning, except they were more rapid during sleep. Also, the amount of hippocampal activity during sleep correlated highly with a subsequent improvement in performance.〔" Why Sleep? Why REM? Why Dreams?" edition=11. Belmont:Wadsworth,2009. page 290. Print.〕 Signs that tell a driver of a need to stop and rest # Difficulty focusing, frequent blinking, or heavy eyelids # Daydreaming; wandering/disconnected thoughts # Trouble remembering last few miles driven or missing exits and streets signs # Yawning repeatedly/rubbing eyes # Trouble keeping head up # Drifting from lane to lane, tailgating, or hitting a shoulder or rumble strip # Feeling restless and irritable〔National Sleep Foundation.http://www.sleepfoundation.org/article/sleep-topics/drowsy-driving/"Drowsy Driving"), National Sleep Foundation, December 5, 2013.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sleep-deprived driving」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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